New Lecture from NPTEL

Watershed Management


Watershed is the basic scientific unit for planning and management of water resources.
Watershed Management is an integration of technologies within the natural boundaries of drainage area for optimum development of land, water and plant resources to meet the basic needs of the people in a sustained manner.
In watershed concept, development is not confined to agricultural lands alone but covers the entire watershed area, starting from the highest point (most remote point) or ridge line to outlet or nalla or natural stream.
The main objective of any watershed development and management program is “proper use of all available resources of a watershed for optimum production with minimum hazards to natural resources”.
The main aim of this course “Watershed Management” is to discuss various aspects of water resources development and management on watershed basis.
The various sections in the course will focus on the technical aspects of watershed management; perspectives on water management; skills of analyzing the complex issues in water management and on specific knowledge on issues of watershed management.
Each topic will be developed in logical progression with possible case studies and advancements in various areas.
Some of the important topics covered in this course include: basics of watershed developments and management, watershed modeling, Integrated Watershed Management, sustainable watershed approach, water quality management, storm water and flood management, drought management, use of modern techniques in watershed management such as remote sensing, Geographical Information System and numerical modeling.
This course will be very useful to undergraduate students, post‐graduate students, teachers, NGO’s and practitioners. A number of field problems will be discussed to illustrate the concepts clearly.
Contents:
Introduction and basic concepts; Watershed management practices in various regions; Sustainable watershed approach; Integrated watershed management; Watershed modeling; Use of modern techniques in watershed management;
Social aspects of watershed management; Management of water quality; Storm water and flood management; Drought management; Water conservation and recycling.
Sl.No.
Topic
No. of Hours
1.
Introduction and Basic Concepts:
Concept of watershed, introduction to watershed management, different stakeholders and their relative importance, watershed management policies and decision making.
03
2.
Sustainable Watershed Approach & Watershed Management Practices:
Sustainable integrated watershed management, natural resources management, agricultural practices, integrated farming, Soil erosion and conservation;
Watershed Management Practices in Arid and Semiarid Regions, Case studies, short term and long term strategic planning.
04
3.
Integrated Watershed Management:
Introduction to integrated approach, Integrated water resources management, conjunctive use of water resources, rainwater harvesting; roof catchment system.
04
4.
Watershed Modeling:
Standard modeling approaches and classifications, system concept for watershed modeling, overall description of different hydrologic processes, modeling of rainfall‐runoff process, subsurface flows and groundwater flow.
07
5.
Social Aspects of Watershed Management:
Community participation, Private sector participation, Institutional issues, Socio-economy, Integrated development, Water legislation and implementations, Case studies.
03
6.
Use of modern techniques in watershed management:
Applications of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing in Watershed Management, Role of Decision Support System in Watershed Management.
05
7.
Management of Water Quality:
Water quality and pollution, types and Sources of pollutionwater quality modeling, environmental guidelines for water quality.
04
8.
Storm Water and Flood Management:
Storm water management, design of drainage system, flood routing through channels and reservoir, flood control and reservoir operation, case studies on flood damage.
04
9.
Drought Management:
Drought assessment and classification, drought analysis techniques, drought mitigation planning.
03
10.
Water Conservation and Recycling:
Perspective on recycle and reuse, Waste water reclamation.
03

Water Resources Systems : Modeling Techniques and Analysis




Course Description: The course introduces the concepts of systems techniques in water resources planning and management.
Course Contents
Introduction – Concepts of Systems and Systems Analysis; Systems Techniques in Water Resources : Optimization with methods using calculus; Linear Programming; Dynamic Programming; Simulation; Combination of Simulation and Optimzation; Mutli-objective Planning. Economic Considerations in Water Resources Planning; Reservoir Systems – Deterministic Inflow : Reservoir Sizing; Reservoir Operation – standard operating policy, optimal operating policy; multi-reservoir systems; Reservoir Systems – Random Inflow : Chance Constrained Linear Programming; Concept of Reliability; Stochastic Dynamic Programming; Applications – Reservoir systems operated for Irrigation, Hydropower, Flood Control and Municipal and Industrial Supplies; Water Quality Control in River Stystems; Case Studies; Recent Modeling Tools – Artificial Neural networks, Fuzzy Inference Systems; Fuzzy Linear Programming;
Module 1
Introduction and Optimization
Lecture-1
Introduction
Lecture-2
Definitions and types of systems
Lecture-3
Optimization: Functions of a single variable
Lecture-4
Optimization: Functions of multiple variables
Lecture-5
Constrained optimization (1)
Lecture-6
Constrained optimization (2)
Lecture-7
Kuhn-Tucker conditions and Introduction to Linear Programming
Module 2
Linear Programming
Lecture-8
Linear Programming: Graphical method
Lecture-9
Linear Programming: Simplex method (1)
Lecture-10
Linear Programming: Simplex method (2)
Lecture-11
Linear Programming: Multiple solutions
Lecture-12
Linear Programming: Unbounded and infeasible problems
Lecture-13
Linear Programming: Dual problem
Module 3
Dynamic Programming
Lecture-14
Introduction to Dynamic Programming
Lecture-15
Dynamic Programming: Water allocation problem
Lecture-16
Dynamic Programming: Reservoir operation problem
Lecture-17
Dynamic Programming: Capacity expansion and shortest route problems
Module 4
Simulation and Multi-Objective Planning
Lecture-18
Simulation: Introduction to Multi-objective planning
Lecture-19
Multi-objective planning
Module 5
Reservoir Systems – Deterministic inflows
Lecture-20
Reservoir sizing
Lecture-21
Reservoir capacity using Linear Programming (1)
Lecture-22
Reservoir capacity using Linear Programming (2)
Lecture-23
Reservoir operation
Lecture-24
Multi-reservoir systems
Lecture-25
Stationary policy using Dynamic Programming
Lecture-26
Hydropower generation
Module 6
Reservoir Systems – Random inflows
Lecture-27
Basic probability theory (1)
Lecture-28
Basic probability theory (2)
Lecture-29
Chance constrained Linear Programming for reservoir operation and design (1)
Lecture-30
Chance constrained Linear Programming for reservoir operation and design (2)
Lecture-31
Stochastic Dynamic Programming for reservoir operation (1)
Lecture-32
Stochastic Dynamic Programming for reservoir operation (2)
Lecture-33
Stochastic Dynamic Programming for reservoir operation (3)
Module 7
Fuzzy Optimization
Lecture-34
Fuzzy optimization (1)
Lecture-35
Fuzzy optimization (2)
Lecture-36
Fuzzy optimization for water quality control and reservoir operation
Module 8
Model Formulations and Case Studies
Lecture-37
Conjunctive use of ground and surface water
Lecture-38
Hydropower optimization
Lecture-39
Crop yield optimization
Lecture-40
Multi-basin and multi-reservoir systems

Stochastic Hydrology




The objective of this course is to introduce the concepts of probability theory and stochastic processes with applications in hydrologic analysis and design.
Modeling of hydrologic time series with specific techniques for data generation and hydrologic forecasting will be dealt with.
Case study applications will be discussed.
 
Topic
No. of Hours
Introduction to Random Variables (RVs).
01
Probability Distributions - One dimensional RVs.
02
Higher Dimensional RVs - Joint Distribution.
02
Conditional Distribution; Independence.
03
Properties of Random Variables.
02
Parameter Estimation.
02
Commonly used Distributions in Hydrology.
05
Hydrologic Data Generation.
04
Introduction to Time Series - stationarity; ergodicity.
02
Purely stochastic Models; Markov Processes.
05
Spectral Density; Analysis in the Frequency Domain.
04
Auto Correlation and Partial Auto Correlation.
02
Auto Regressive Moving Average Models (Box - Jenkins models - model identification; Parameter estimation ; calibration and validation; Simulation of hydrologic time series ; Applications to Hydrologic Forecasting - case studies).
06
Total
40

Stochastic Structural Dynamics




The objective of this course is to develop methods for analysis of structures subjected to dynamic loads which are random in nature.
Structures under the action of wind or earthquake loads are typical of such problems. The course introduces the application of probability, random variables and random processes to model uncertainties in dynamic loads.
The response analysis considers question of propagation of uncertainties in the inputs to the response variables of interest and also considers questions on reliability of vibrating systems under dynamic loads.
The course mainly deals with linear time invariant systems. A brief introduction to random vibration analysis of nonlinear systems is also provided. Solution strategies include analytical techniques and Monte Carlo simulation procedures.
 
Sl. No.
Topic/s
Number of Hours
1.
  • Motivations.
  • Probability space.
  • Conditional probability.
  • Random variables.
  • Probability distribution and density functions; expectations.
  • Commonly occurring random variables. Sequence of random variables and limit theorems.
8
2.
  • Random processes and classifications.
  • Stationary and ergodicity.
  • Power spectral density function and auto - covariance functions.
  • Gaussian, Poisson and Poisson pulse processes.
  • Mean square derivatives and integrals.
  • Examples on models for earthquake and wind loads.
8
3.
  • Review of input output relations in time and frequency domains for linear time invariant systems.
  • Uncertainty propagation under stationary and nonstationary excitations. SDOF and MDOF systems.
8
4.
  • Structural failure under random vibrations.
  • Level crossing problems.
  • First passage time.
  • Models for peaks and envelopes.
  • Extreme value distributions.
  • Narrow band processes and clumping effects.
8
5.
  • Applications to response spectrum based methods in earthquake engineering and gust factor approach in wind engineering.
2
6.
  • Fatigue failure.
  • Estimation of expected life time under random loading.
2
7.
  • Introduction to Monte Carlo simulation methods.
  • Simulation of random variables and random processes.
  • Problem of variance reduction.
  • Application to models for uncertainty propagation and reliability analysis.
4

Total Hours
40

Seismic Analysis of Structures




Seismology- tectonic plates, causes of earthquake, soil effects, seismic hazard analysis;Earthquake inputs - spectrums, PSDFs, design spectrum, predictive relationship; Response analysis for specified ground motion - time and frequency domain analyses of structures for single and multi point excitations; Response spectrum method of analysis - equivalent lateral load, response spectrum method for classically and non classically damped systems, response spectrums given in different codes:
Spectral analysis for random excitations- fundamentals of random vibration for spectral analysis, spectral analysis of structures for single and multipoint excitations;
Inelastic analysis of structures - incremental analysis for SDOF and MDOF systems, push over analysis, ductility, inelastic spectrum
Sl.No.
Topic
No. of hours
1.
Seismology
4
2.
Seismic Inputs
4
3.
Response Analysis for Specified Ground Motion
6
4.
Frequency Domain Spectral Analysis
5
5.
Response Spectrum Method of Analysis
5
6.
Inelastic Seismic Response of Structures
6

Finite Element Analysis




Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical technique for solving differential equations that describe many engineering problems. Main reason for its popularity is that the method results in computer codes which are versatile in nature that can solve many practical problems with minimum training. Obviously, there is danger in using commercially available computer software without proper understanding of the theory behind them, and that is one of the reasons to have a through understanding of the theory behind FEM.
This video course on finite element analysis covers the fundamental concepts and is designed for a first course on finite elements suitable for upper division undergraduate students and beginning graduate students in civil, mechanical, aerospace, biomedical and industrial engineering, and engineering mechanics; researchers and design engineers in the above fields. The course presents the FEM as a tool to find approximate solution of differential equations and thus can be used by students from a variety of disciplines. Applications include analysis of structural frameworks, stress analysis, heat flow, and fluid flow.
Contents:
  1. Approximate solution of boundary value problems-Methods of weighted residuals, Approximate solution using variational method, Modified Galerkin method, Boundary conditions and general comments, Two dimensional example
  2. Basic finite element concepts-Basic ideas in a finite element solution, General finite element solution procedure, Finite element equations using modified Galerkin method, Application: Axial deformation of bars, Axial spring element
  3. Analysis of trusses-Two dimensional truss element, Three dimensional space truss element, Stresses due to lack of fit and temperature changes
  4. Beam bending-Governing differential equation for beam bending, Two node beam element, Exact solution for uniform beams subjected to distributed loads using superposition, Calculation of stresses in beams, Thermal stresses in beams
  5. Analysis of structural frames-Plane frame element, Thermal stresses in frames, Three dimensional space frame element
  6. General one dimensional boundary value problem and its applications-One dimensional heat flow, Fluid flow between flat plates-Lubrication Problem, Column buckling
  7. Higher order elements for one dimensional problems-Shape functions for second order problems, Isoparametric mapping concept, Quadratic isoparametric element for general one dimensional boundary value problem, One dimensional numerical integration, Application: Heat conduction through a thin film
  8. Two dimensional boundary value problems using triangular elements, Equivalent functional for general 2D BVP, A triangular element for general 2D BVP, Numerical examples
  9. Isoparametric quadrilateral elements-Shape functions for rectangular elements, Isoparametric mapping for quadrilateral elements, Numerical integration for quadrilateral elements, Four node quadrilateral element for 2D BVP, Eight node serendipity element for 2D BVP
  10. Isoparametric triangular elements-Natural (or Area) coordinates for triangles, Shape functions for triangular elements, Natural coordinate mapping for triangles, Numerical integration for triangles, Six node triangular element for general 2D BVP
  11. Numerical integration-Newton-Cotes rules, Trapezium rule, Simpson’s rule, Error term, Gauss-Legendre rules, Changing limits of integration, Gauss-Leguerre rule, Multiple integrals, Numerical integration for quadrilateral elements, Numerical integration for triangular elements
  12. Applications based on general two dimensional boundary value problem-Ideal fluid flow around an irregular object, Two dimensional steady state heat flow, Torsion of prismatic bars
  13. Two dimensional elasticity-Governing differential equations, Constant strain triangular element, Four node quadrilateral element, Eight node isoparametric element
  14. Axisymmetric elasticity problems-Governing equations for axisymmetric elasticity, Axisymmetric linear triangular element, Axisymmetric four node isoparametric element
  15. Three dimensional elasticity-Governing differential equations, Four node tetrahedral element, Eight node hexahedral (brick) element, Twenty node isoparametric solid element, Prestressing, initial strains and thermal effects
 

Sl. No
Topic
No. of Hours
1
Approximate solution of boundary value problems-Methods of weighted residuals, Approximate solution using variational method, Modified Galerkin method, Boundary conditions and general comments
04
2
Basic finite element concepts-Basic ideas in a finite element solution, General finite element solution procedure, Finite element equations using modified Galerkin method, Application: Axial deformation of bars, Axial spring element
02
3
Analysis of trusses-Two dimensional truss element, Three dimensional space truss element, Stresses due to lack of fit and temperature changes
02
4
Beam bending-Governing differential equation for beam bending, Two node beam element, Exact solution for uniform beams subjected to distributed loads using superposition, Calculation of stresses in beams, Thermal stresses in beams
04
5
Analysis of structural frames-Plane frame element, Thermal stresses in frames, Three dimensional space frame element
03
6
General one dimensional boundary value problem and its applications-One dimensional heat flow, Fluid flow between flat plates-Lubrication Problem, Column buckling
02
7
Higher order elements for one dimensional problems-Shape functions for second order problems, Isoparametric mapping concept, Quadratic isoparametric element for general one dimensional boundary value problem, One dimensional numerical integration, Application: Heat conduction through a thin film
03
8
Two dimensional boundary value problems using triangular elements, Equivalent functional for general 2D BVP, A triangular element for general 2D BVP, Numerical examples
03
9
Isoparametric quadrilateral elements-Shape functions for rectangular elements, Isoparametric mapping for quadrilateral elements, Numerical integration for quadrilateral elements, Four node quadrilateral element for 2D BVP, Eight node serendipity element for 2D BVP
04
10
Isoparametric triangular elements-Natural (or Area) coordinates for triangles, Shape functions for triangular elements, Natural coordinate mapping for triangles, Numerical integration for triangles, Six node triangular element for general 2D BVP
02
11
Numerical integration-Newton-Cotes rules, Trapezium rule, Simpson’s rule, Error term, Gauss-Legendre rules, Changing limits of integration, Gauss-Leguerre rule, Multiple integrals, Numerical integration for quadrilateral elements, Numerical integration for triangular elements
02
12
Applications based on general two dimensional boundary value problem-Ideal fluid flow around an irregular object, Two dimensional steady state heat flow, Torsion of prismatic bars
02
13
Two dimensional elasticity-Governing differential equations, Constant strain triangular element, Four node quadrilateral element, Eight node isoparametric element
03
14
Axisymmetric elasticity problems-Governing equations for axisymmetric elasticity, Axisymmetric linear triangular element, Axisymmetric four node isoparametric element
02
15
Three dimensional elasticity-Governing differential equations, Four node tetrahedral element, Eight node hexahedral (brick) element, Twenty node isoparametric solid element, Prestressing, initial strains and thermal effects
02

Environmental Air Pollution




Introduction to the course.
Air pollution: A Retrospective.
2 hours

Air pollution: sources & types and effects on biosphere.
5 hours

National & International air emission standards; air pollution emission inventory; emission factor; air quality index; air pollution control laws
6 hours

Stake holder analysis – role of CPCB, MoEF, DoI, NGOs & major R&D institutes.
2 hours

Introduction to air pollution meteorology
10 hours

Gaussian plume dispersion model: theory and application.
7 hours

Air pollutant monitoring and control: SO2, NO2, particulates, Hydrocarbons
5 hours

Urban air pollution: sectoral analysis; trends in major cities of India and government initiatives.
5 hours

Introduction to indoor air pollution
3 hours

Global effects of air pollution: Green house effects, acid rain and ozone layer depletion; international agreements for mitigating global air pollution effects.
5 hours

 
Support : CivilTem | Civil Engineering News | My India
Copyright © 2011. Civil Engineering Videos - All Rights Reserved
Created by Sathya Prakash Published by CivilTem
Proudly powered by CivilTem