This course has been designed to present the principles of advanced hydrology at a postgraduate
level.
At the end of the course, a serious student is expected have a thorough
understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of various components of hydrologic cycle
e.g. atmospheric water, rainfall, infiltration, evaporation, surface flow, sub-surface flow,
groundwater flow, and hydrograph analysis;
And learnt the statistical techniques such as
statistical properties of a PDF, probability distributions employed in hydrology, fitting
probability distributions, testing goodness of fit, frequency analysis, and reliability
analysis.
Contents:
Hydrologic cycle, systems concept, hydrologic model classification;
Reynold's Transport
Theorem, continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation;
Atmospheric
hydrology; Hydrologic processes, precipitation, evaporation, surface flow, sub-surface
flow, and groundwater flow;
Unit hydrograph, various response functions and their interrelationships;
Hydrologic statistics, statistical parameters, fitting a probability distribution,
testing goodness of fit, frequency analysis, and reliability analysis.
Sl. No.
Topic
No. of Hours
1
INTRODUCTION:
Hydrologic cycle, water budget equation,
world water quantities, residence time, systems concept, transfer
function operators,
hydrologic model classification.
03
2
HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES:
Reynold's Transport Theorem, continuity equation, momentum
equation, energy equation, discrete time continuity.
03
3
ATMOSPHERIC HYDROLOGY:
Atmospheric circulation, water vapor,
formation of rainfall, types and forms of precipitation, precipitable
water, monsoon characteristics in India, rainfall measurement,
density and adequacy of rain gauges;
Thunderstorm Cell model, IDF relationships, spatial averaging methods of rainfall;
Factors affecting evaporation,
estimation and measurement of evaporation, energy balance method,
aerodynamic method, Priestly-Taylor method, and pan evaporation.
08
4
SUB-SURFACE WATER:
Soil moisture, porosity, saturated and unsaturated flow; Richard's
equation, infiltration, Horton's Phillip's, and Green Ampt methods,
parameter estimation, ponding time concepts.
Phi-index,
ERH & DRH, algorithm for abstraction using Green-Ampt equation,
SCS method, overland and channel flow modeling, time area
concepts, and stream networks.
06
6
UNIT HYDROGRAPH:
General hydrologic system model, response functions of a linear
hydrologic systems and their inter-relationships, convolution
equation; definition and limitations of a UH;
UH derivation from
single and complex storms; UH optimization using regression.
matrix, and LP methods;
Synthetic unit hydrograph, S-Curve, IUH.
06
7
HYDROLOGIC STATISTICS:
Probability concepts, random variables, laws of probability, PDFs &
CDFs;
Normal and Binomial distributions; Statistical parameters:
expected value, variance, skewness, and peakedness;
Fitting of a
probability distribution, methods of moments and maximum
likelihood: Testing the goodness of fit, Chi-square test;
Frequency
analysis: return period, probability plotting, Extreme value
distributions, frequency factors, Log-Pearson distribution,
confidence limits.
08
8
GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY:
Occurrence of groundwater, aquifers &
their properties, Darcy's law, permeability, transmissibility,
stratification, confined groundwater flow, unconfined groundwater
flow under Dupit's
assumptions;
Well hydraulics, steady flow into confined and
unconfined wells; Unsteady flow in a confined aquifer.
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